Not sure you guys still want to know this but when welding thick to thin point the heat (actually the torch or mig wire) at the thick stuff and do quick little flicks towards the thin stuff (heat slightly towards the thin maybe 20% of the time.) That gives good penetration in the thick stuff and helps from blasting through the thin.
You learn a color for too hot looking through your welding helmet after a while. You either let off, up wire speed, or move faster if you can and obviously turn the heat down if its too high. If you dont let off at this color it will drip and depending on where it falls you get a molten metal fireworks. Dont weld above your body is a pretty general rule if you like your bits.
Setting the wire speed correctly to the heat is the thing to concentrate on. You should hear a consistent sizzle when welding. If the sizzle sound "bounces" feed rate is low. If you feel it pushing you away feed is too high. If you are snotting up the weld the heat is too low or wire speed is too high. Once you get the feed and heat right its all in the shape of the bead. You dont want it digging in and eroding (usually moving too fast or heat is too high) the stuff you are welding. You dont want it bubbled up and not penetrated either (usually heat too low and moving too fast.) Practice is your friend. Just listen for the nice sizzle and it will help you progress faster than trying to learn to weld with the wrong heat/feed speed.
Also, make sure the wire feed is consistent. If the cable for the mig gun is kinda knotted/bound up the wire speed can bounce. Large radiuses in the cable help. Also, the feed roller tension might be low if its not kinked and feed speed is bouncing.
Gas flow is fairly important. Too low and the weld looks like lava rock/ black sugar. Too much gas shield and it cools the weld puddle or can blow it around if its really high. Obviously too much is better than too little.
Make sure the mig tip is good and the wire is pretty tight to the hole in the tip.
Good luck.
-Killer B's (as in rally) '84 4000Q 4.2V8. Audis never win?